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ppc-osx-on-qemu-for-osx [2020/08/11 22:07] – [Qemu PPC for OSX] cat_7ppc-osx-on-qemu-for-osx [2024/02/05 12:55] (current) – [Networking] cat_7
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-===== Qemu PPC for OSX =====+===== Running Qemu-system-ppc with Mac OS/OSX guests in macOS =====
  
-(Guide Updated August 122020+(Guide updated January 10th2021
-==== Installing Qemu system ppc for OSX ====+===== Introduction =====
  
-This guide covers installing and running qemu-system-ppc with Mac OS and OSX PPC guests on OSX hosts. Qemu-system-ppc can run PPC Mac OS 9.0 to 9.2 and PPC OSX 10.0 to 10.5 +Qemu-system-ppc can run the PowerPC versions of Mac OS 9.0 to 9.2 and OSX 10.0 to 10.5. Qemu can also run some OSX release previews. 
-==== Requirements ====+ 
 +The status of various guests based on the latest builds available from the forum: 
 +^ Guest ^ Default build ^ Sound-enabled build ^ Argument(s) ^ Remarks ^ 
 +Mac OS 9.0         | OK            | OK          | -M mac99 | Requires rom version 5.2.1 or above, mouse wiggle to boot | 
 +| Mac OS 9.1         | OK            | OK          | -M mac99,via=pmu | 
 +| Mac OS 9.2         | OK            | OK                     | -M mac99,via=pmu         | 
 +| Mac OSX 10.0       | OK            | Crackle, channel issue                     | -M mac99 |  
 +| Mac OSX 10.1       | OK            | Channel issue                     | -M mac99 |  
 +| Mac OSX 10.2       | OK            | OK, but channels reversed         | -M mac99 -device pci-ohci,id=usb1 -device usb-mouse,bus=usb1.0 -device usb-kbd,bus=usb-bus.0        |  | 
 +| Mac OSX 10.3       | OK            | OK         | -M mac99,via=pmu          | Sound has speed drift | 
 +| Mac OSX 10.4       | OK            | OK         | -M mac99,via=pmu         | 
 +| Mac OSX 10.5       | OK            | OK        | -M mac99,via=pmu | 
 +===== Requirements =====
   * Qemu program \\   * Qemu program \\
   * Disk images for the PowerPC versions of Mac OS or OSX you want to install   * Disk images for the PowerPC versions of Mac OS or OSX you want to install
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 Installations of other versions of Mac OS or OSX (roughly) follow the same path. \\ Installations of other versions of Mac OS or OSX (roughly) follow the same path. \\
 +NOTE: When trying to install Mac OS 9.0.4 you need to make sure to use a version that contains a Mac OS ROM version 5.6 or above. \\
 +Also make sure to set the -M parameter to -M mac99.\\
  
 If you need to boot from a real CD, see the section Booting from a real CD below. \\ If you need to boot from a real CD, see the section Booting from a real CD below. \\
-==== Qemu installation ====+===== Qemu-system-ppc installation =====
  
   * Go to http://www.emaculation.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=34&t=8848&p=52102#p52102 and download our latest build from the **official** Qemu source.   * Go to http://www.emaculation.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=34&t=8848&p=52102#p52102 and download our latest build from the **official** Qemu source.
-  * Create a folder for Qemu-related files and unpack the download. Put your Mac OS/OSX disk images in this folder. +  * Create a folder for Qemu-related files //inside your Applications folder// and unpack the download. Put your Mac OS/OSX disk images in this folder.  
 +  * **For users of Catalina and later: read the readme.txt about how to run Qemu on your host!**
   * Create an empty disk image with qemu-img. Open a command prompt and navigate to your Qemu folder.   * Create an empty disk image with qemu-img. Open a command prompt and navigate to your Qemu folder.
  
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   cd "$(dirname "$0")"   cd "$(dirname "$0")"
      
-  ./qemu-system-ppc -L pc-bios -boot d -M mac99,via=pmu -m 512 \ +  ./qemu-system-ppc 
-  -prom-env 'auto-boot?=true' -prom-env 'boot-args=-v' -prom-env 'vga-ndrv?=true' \+  -L pc-bios 
 +  -M mac99,via=pmu 
 +  -display cocoa \ 
 +  -m 512 \ 
 +  -boot \
   -drive file=MacOS9.2.iso,format=raw,media=cdrom \   -drive file=MacOS9.2.iso,format=raw,media=cdrom \
-  -drive file=MacOS9.2.img,format=raw,media=disk +  -drive file=MacOS9.2.img,format=raw,media=disk 
-  -netdev user,id=network01 -device sungem,netdev=network01 \ +
-  -device VGA,edid=on \+
  
-  * Save qemu.command and make it executable:+  * Save qemu.command and use a terminal to make it executable:
  
   chmod +x qemu.command   chmod +x qemu.command
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 Short explanation of the content of the file:\\ Short explanation of the content of the file:\\
  
-#!/bin/bash tells OSX this is a bash script\\ +  * #!/bin/bash tells OSX this is a bash script\\ 
-cd "$(dirname "$0")" set the path for the executable to current folder\\+  cd "$(dirname "$0")" set the path for the executable to current folder\\ 
 ./qemu-system-ppc starts qemu with all the following as parameters:\\ ./qemu-system-ppc starts qemu with all the following as parameters:\\
--L pc-bios points qemu to some required files, including openbios-ppc and the vga driver qemu_vga.ndrv. \\ +  * -L pc-bios defines the location of bios files to be used.\\ 
--boot d defines to boot from a drive entry marked as a cdrom, “-boot c” would define to boot from a drive entry marked as disk.\\ +  -M mac99,via=pmu defines the mac model used(*).\\ 
--M mac99,via=pmu defines the mac model used (*).\\ +  -m 512 defines the amount of memory (in Mb) for OS9/OSX.\\ 
--m 512 defines the amount of memory (in Mb) for OS9/OSX.\\ +  -boot d defines to boot from a drive entry marked as a cdrom, -boot c would define to boot from a drive entry marked as disk.\\ 
--prom-env 'auto-boot?=true' -prom-env 'boot-args=-v' define boot parameters for openbios and Mac OSXThe “-v” makes the boot process verbose\\ +  -drive file=MacOS9.2.iso,format=raw,media=cdrom defines the name, location, format, and type of image (cdrom) file to be used\\ 
--prom-env 'vga-ndrv?=true' loads the qemu_vga.ndrv file to provide on the fly resolution swithing. Setting this to false ignores the driver \\ +  -drive file=MacOS9.2.img,format=raw,media=disk defines the name, location, format, and type of image (diskfile to be used\\ 
--drive file=MacOS9.2.iso,format=raw,media=cdrom defines the name, location, format, and type of a cdrom image file to be used\\ +
--drive file=MacOS9.2.img,format=raw,media=disk defines the name, location, format, and type of a hard disk image file to be used\\ +
--netdev user,id=network01 -device sungem,netdev=network01 tells qemu to use the sungem network device on a qemu-internal DHCP server\\ +
--device VGA,edid=on presents additional resolutions to choose from in the guest\\ +
  
 (*)The mac model entry accepts 3 options for the via parameter: \\ (*)The mac model entry accepts 3 options for the via parameter: \\
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 mac99,via=pmu-adb (this allows some older Mac OS/Mac OS server builds to use a keyboard and mouse through the adb bus)\\ mac99,via=pmu-adb (this allows some older Mac OS/Mac OS server builds to use a keyboard and mouse through the adb bus)\\
 mac99,via=cuda (this is the default setting, allowing the use of the older, now less supported cuda) \\ mac99,via=cuda (this is the default setting, allowing the use of the older, now less supported cuda) \\
 +**Note:** to run Leopard, you have to use -M mac99,via=pmu \\
  
   * Double-click qemu.command. This starts Qemu and boots the MacOS9.2.iso installation CD image.   * Double-click qemu.command. This starts Qemu and boots the MacOS9.2.iso installation CD image.
-==== Installation of Mac OS 9.2 ====+===== Installation of Mac OS 9.2 =====
  
-To install Mac OS, you first need to partition the hard disk, so after you booted from the CD go into the "Utilities" folder and start the "Drive Setup" program. Select the entry "<not initialized>" and click "Initialize" and again in the next window. After initialization has finished and a disk icon has appeared on the desktop, quit the program. \\+To install Mac OS, you first need to partition the hard disk, so after you booted from the CD:  
 +  * Go into the "Utilities" folder and start the "Drive Setup" program.  
 +  * Select the entry "<not initialized>" and click "Initialize" and again in the next window.  
 + 
 +After initialization has finished and a disk icon has appeared on the desktop, quit the program. \\
 You can then start the installation of Mac OS. Shut down Mac OS after the installation has finished.\\ You can then start the installation of Mac OS. Shut down Mac OS after the installation has finished.\\
 Please note that the initialization step has to be repeated for any NEW disk added to Mac OS. Please note that the initialization step has to be repeated for any NEW disk added to Mac OS.
    
-==== Booting the installed Mac OS ==== +===== Booting the installed Mac OS ===== 
-To boot the installed Mac OS, you need to edit the qemu.command file: \\ +To boot the installed Mac OS, you need to edit the qemu.command file:  
- +  * Change the -boot d argument to -boot c.  
-  * Change the "-boot dargument to "-boot c".  +  * Reverse the order in which your disk and cdrom entry are listed in qemu.command. 
-  * Reverse the order in which your disk and cd rom entry are listed in qemu.command. +
  
-So, when booting with "-boot c", make sure your hard disk image file is listed first. If you have no need for the cd rom disk to be available, you can remove the entry from the command line. Save the file. Double-click qemu.command and Mac OS will boot from the hard disk. \\+When booting with -boot c, make sure your hard disk image file is listed first. Save the file. Double-click qemu.command and Mac OS will boot from the hard disk. \\
  
 Done. Done.
  
-==== Connecting other CD or disk images ====+===== Connecting other CD or disk images =====
  
-You easily change CDs in Qemu for OSX: first drag the current CD icon to the trash. Then open the menu Machine and click change ide1-cd0 and navigate to the cd image you want to mount. Double click the image and wait for it to be mounted on the Mac OS/OSX desktop. +You easily change CDs in Qemu-system-ppc for macOS: first drag the current CD icon to the trash. Then open the menu Machine and click change ide1-cd0 and navigate to the CD image you want to mount. Double click the image and wait for it to be mounted on the Mac OS/OSX desktop. 
  
 If you want to install software, make an image of the CD-Rom and attach it to Qemu. Add a disk //after// the hard disk like below to qemu.command: If you want to install software, make an image of the CD-Rom and attach it to Qemu. Add a disk //after// the hard disk like below to qemu.command:
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   "-drive file=Name-of-hard-disk-image.img,format=raw,media=disk" (without the quotes!)   "-drive file=Name-of-hard-disk-image.img,format=raw,media=disk" (without the quotes!)
  
-And save the file. Start qemu.command. The CD image (if readable by Mac OS) will appear on the desktop for you to use. +And save the file. Start qemu.command. The CD image (if readable by Mac OS) will appear on the desktop for you to use.\\ 
- +A new hard disk needs to be partitioned as described above.  
-==== Changing the graphics settings ====+===== Changing the graphics settings =====
  
 If you need to change the default screen size or colour depth, you can use the -g parameter like this: If you need to change the default screen size or colour depth, you can use the -g parameter like this:
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 Subsequent changes to the resolution can be made with default OS tools. (e.g., the Monitors control panel in MacOS or equivalent in OSX).  Subsequent changes to the resolution can be made with default OS tools. (e.g., the Monitors control panel in MacOS or equivalent in OSX). 
  
-==== Networking ====+===== Sharing USB devices with the Guest ===== 
 + 
 +You can pass-through some devices attached to the host to the guest. \\ 
 +On a macOS host, you can find the required USB vendorid and productid by checking the USB devices in the System Profiler.\\ 
 +To allow Qemu to take control of the device the driver (kext) the host loaded for the device has to be unloaded.\\ 
 + 
 +==== Mac OS 9.0 to 10.2 ==== 
 +Sharing an USB device with Mac OS 9.0 up to Mac OSX 10.2 is restricted to using USB 1.1 devices. \\ 
 +A way to push a USB 2.0 device into USB 1.1 mode is to attach it to a strictly USB 1.1 hub (as found in older Apple keyboards or regular 1.1 hubs). 
 + 
 +For USB storage devices you might need to: 
 + 
 +  * Run a terminal and execute: sudo kextunload /System/Library/Extensions/IOUSBMassStorageDriver.kext 
 +  * Add: -device usb-host,vendorid=0x058f,productid=0x6387 to the command line (replace product and vendor id with what you found) 
 + 
 +**Caution:** Other devices might be using other kexts (drivers), so you would need to find out which kext is loaded for the device. 
 +Some devices might be using a kext that is also in use for other host devices. 
 +If you unload such a kext, the host will loose access to those devices. A reboot will restore functionality. 
 + 
 + 
 +==== Mac OS 10.3 and above ==== 
 +For USB storage devices you might need to: 
 + 
 +  * Run a terminal and execute: sudo kextunload /System/Library/Extensions/IOUSBMassStorageDriver.kext \\ 
 +  * Add: -device usb-ehci,id=ehci -device usb-host,bus=ehci.0,vendorid=0x058f,productid=0x6387  to the command line (replace product and vendor id with what you found)\\ 
 +   
 +**Caution:** Other devices might be using other kexts (drivers), so you would need to find out which kext is loaded for the device. Some devices might be using a kext that is also in use for other host devices. If you unload such a kext, the host will loose access to those devices. A reboot will restore functionality.   
 + 
 + 
 + 
 +===== Networking =====
  
 The latest Qemu for OSX builds emulate a network device that is supported out of the box for Mac OS 9.0 up to OSX 10.5 \\ The latest Qemu for OSX builds emulate a network device that is supported out of the box for Mac OS 9.0 up to OSX 10.5 \\
 However, you can also use the realtek 8139 device. This requires installation of the appropriate drivers. You can download them from the [[http://www.realtek.com.tw/Downloads/downloadsView.aspx?Langid=1&PNid=14&PFid=6&Level=5&Conn=4&DownTypeID=3&GetDown=false|Realtek site]], or all drivers in one iso from [[http://www.open.ou.nl/hsp/downloads3/MacOSRealtekDrivers.zip |here]] \\ However, you can also use the realtek 8139 device. This requires installation of the appropriate drivers. You can download them from the [[http://www.realtek.com.tw/Downloads/downloadsView.aspx?Langid=1&PNid=14&PFid=6&Level=5&Conn=4&DownTypeID=3&GetDown=false|Realtek site]], or all drivers in one iso from [[http://www.open.ou.nl/hsp/downloads3/MacOSRealtekDrivers.zip |here]] \\
    
-There are several ways to get networking going in OSX hosts:+There are several ways to get networking going in macOS hosts:
  
 === Slirp-based networking === === Slirp-based networking ===
  
-If not added alreadyadd the following to your command line:+**Note:** this is activated by default on Qemu-system-ppcso doesn't need to be mentioned explicitly on the command line:
  
-  * -netdev user,id=network01 -device sungem,netdev=network01 +  * -device sungem,netdev=network01 -netdev user,id=network01  
  
-=== Bridging a tap device manually===+== Running two Qemu-system-ppc instances with networking ==
  
-For OSX Mountain Lion and abovesupporting network bridging: install tuntaposx and add the first line to your qemu command line, run qemu with sudo, and execute the other lines in another terminal window:+If you want to run two instances of Mac OS/OSX simultaneouslyQemu needs to be able to tell the network devices apart. You can add a mac address to the networking device:
  
-  * -netdev tap,id=network0,script=no,downscript=no -device sungem,netdev=network0+  * -device sungem,netdev=network01,mac=52:54:00:12:34:56 -netdev user,id=network01 (this is the default mac address) 
 +and make sure you add a different mac address to the second instance: 
 +  * -device sungem,netdev=network01,mac=52:54:00:12:34:66 -netdev user,id=network01  
 +Please note that adding a mac address other than the default to the network device leads to the discovery of a new network card in OSX. You need to configure that card through the network preferences.\\ 
 + 
 +=== VMNET-based: Networking for Big Sur or Monterey hosts (enabling Appletalk networking) === 
 +**Note: running Qemu with vmnet support requires you to run Qemu-system-ppc as root.** 
 + 
 +The VMNET option allows three different networking modes. We cover only the "bridging" mode as that allows the most versatile access to host and guest. \\ 
 + 
 +-device sungem,netdev=network01 -netdev vmnet-bridged,id=network01,ifname=name-of-the-host-network-device 
 + 
 +(You can find the name of the host network device in the system report under networking. This will often be "en0" or "en1"
 + 
 + 
 +=== Tap-based: Bridging one or more tap devices (enabling Appletalk networking)=== 
 + 
 +**Note:** Tap-based networking requires the installation of tuntaposx or the tap device from Tunnelblick. This will, however, not work for Mojave or Big Sur hosts.  
 + 
 +Add the first line to your qemu command line, run qemu with sudo, and execute the other lines in another terminal window: 
 + 
 +  * -device sungem,netdev=network01 -netdev tap,id=network01,script=no,downscript=no 
  
   * sudo ifconfig bridge0 create   * sudo ifconfig bridge0 create
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 === Bridging a tap device: the easy way === === Bridging a tap device: the easy way ===
  
-Create a network bridge in your OSX host network settings and add your network device to the bridge. Install tuntaposx.+Create a network bridge in your macOS host network settings and add your network device to the bridge. 
 +We provide two scripts in the tap-scripts folder. They assume your bridge is called bridge0. The first script adds the tap device to the brigde when qemu-system-ppc starts. The second script removes the tap device from the bridge once you stop qemu-system-ppc.
  
-Change the script with which you boot qemu: +Change the qemu.command file
-  * remove: -netdev user,id=network0 +  * -device sungem,netdev=network01 -netdev tap,id=network01,script=./tap-scripts/tap-up.txt,downscript=./tap-scripts/tap-down.txt
-  * add: -netdev tap,id=network0,script=./tap-scripts/tap-up.txt,downscript=./tap-scripts/tap-down.txt+
  
-Save the boot script and run it as root.\\ +Save the command file and run it as root.\\ 
-If you want, you can leave the bridge intact after you quit Qemu, so it is already available next time you run Qemu with tap networking.\\+If you want, you can leave the bridge intact after you quit Qemu-system-ppc, so it is already available next time you run Qemu-system-ppc with tap networking.\\
  
  
-=== Running two qemu instances with networking === +=== Peer to peer networking between two Qemu-system-ppc instances ===
- +
-If you want to run two installations of Mac OS/OSX, Qemu needs to be able to tell the network devices apart. You can add a mac address to the networking device: +
- +
-  * -netdev user,id=network01 -device sungem,netdev=network01,mac=52:54:00:12:34:56   (this is the default mac address) +
-and make sure you add a different mac address to the second instance: +
-  * -netdev user,id=network01 -device sungem,netdev=network01,mac=52:54:00:12:34:66 +
-Please note that adding a mac address other than the default to the network device leads to the discovery of a new network card in OSX. You need to configure that card through the network preferences. +
- +
-=== Peer to peer networking between two Qemu instances ===+
 Qemu can use socket networking to connect two peers. The peers will have no internet access, but can exchange data between each-other. Set one guest to be a listener for network traffic: Qemu can use socket networking to connect two peers. The peers will have no internet access, but can exchange data between each-other. Set one guest to be a listener for network traffic:
  
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 === Getting files in and out of your emulated Mac through a network connection === === Getting files in and out of your emulated Mac through a network connection ===
 +**Note**: the option below will not work on Big Sur hosts as afp support was removed, or on Catalina hosts when the shared folder is not a on HFS+ volume.\\
  
 OSX 10.3/10.4 guests: Make sure you have file sharing enabled on your host and that you share some folder. Find the current IP address of your host: open the system report and click Networking. The IP address should show behind the active network connection. \\ OSX 10.3/10.4 guests: Make sure you have file sharing enabled on your host and that you share some folder. Find the current IP address of your host: open the system report and click Networking. The IP address should show behind the active network connection. \\
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 At Connect as select Registered user and enter your user name and password for your host. Then select a shared folder from the list and click OK. You can now read and write files to the shared folder that appeared on your desktop.\\ At Connect as select Registered user and enter your user name and password for your host. Then select a shared folder from the list and click OK. You can now read and write files to the shared folder that appeared on your desktop.\\
  
-=== Forwarding ports to the host === +**Note:** for other Mac OS 9.x/OSX guests, see the port forwarding solution below. \\
-You can provide services running on the guest to the host by forwarding ports to the hostTo provide access to a webserver running in the guest you can use: \\+
  
-  * -netdev user,id=network01,hostfwd=tcp::80-:80+=== Forwarding ports to the host (only needed when using the slirp network option) ===
  
-The webserver running on the guest is then accessible through e.g., http://localhost or http://name-or-ip-adress-of-machine from other machines running on your network.+**NOTE:** in macOS host, you need to run Qemu as root for port forwarding to work for port numbers below 1024, so it is best to forward a higher port number\\
  
-==== Booting from a real CD ====+You can provide services running on the guest to the host by forwarding ports to the host.  
 + 
 +== Running a web server == 
 +To provide access to e.g., a webserver running in the guest you can use: 
 + 
 +  * -device sungem,netdev=network01 -netdev user,id=network01,hostfwd=tcp::8080-:80 
 + 
 +The webserver running on the guest is then accessible through http://name-or-ip-adress-of-host:8080 from other machines running on your network. 
 + 
 +== Getting files in and out of the guest with FTP == 
 + 
 +  * -device sungem,netdev=network01 -netdev user,id=network01,hostfwd=tcp::2121-:21 
 + 
 +Forwarding port 21 to the host allows running an ftp server  (such as Netpresenz, available from the macintosh garden site) on an Mac OS 9.x guest and read/write access to the file system of the guest. Make sure to use an FTP client capable of active transfer mode on the host (such as Filezilla, we are dealing with an old guest system after all.) For access to a Mac OS X guest, enable the ftp service.\\ 
 +You can access the guest by connecting to ftp://name-or-ip-adress-of-host:2121 from other machines running on your network. 
 + 
 +==Multiple port forwarding == 
 +You can forward multiple ports: 
 + 
 +  * -device sungem,netdev=network01 -netdev user,id=network01,hostfwd=tcp::2121-:21,hostfwd=tcp::8080-:80 
 + 
 +You can also forward ports for Appletalk over tcp/ip. **Note** you would have to run Qemu as root for this, which is not advisable. 
 + 
 +  * -device sungem,netdev=network01 -netdev user,id=network01,hostfwd=tcp::548-:548,hostfwd=tcp::387-:387 
 +===== Booting from a real CD =====
  
 To boot from a real CD, you first need to insert the CD and unmount it using e.g., Diskutility. \\ To boot from a real CD, you first need to insert the CD and unmount it using e.g., Diskutility. \\
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   #!/bin/bash   #!/bin/bash
   cd "$(dirname "$0")"   cd "$(dirname "$0")"
-  sudo ./qemu-system-ppc -L pc-bios -M mac99 -m 512 -boot d +  sudo ./qemu-system-ppc 
-  -prom-env 'auto-boot?=true' -prom-env 'boot-args=-v' -prom-env 'vga-ndrv?=true' +  -L pc-bios 
-  -cdrom /dev/cdrom +  -M mac99 
-  -netdev user,id=network01 -device sungem,netdev=network01+  -m 512 \ 
 +  -boot 
 +  -cdrom /dev/cdrom 
  
  
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-==== Creating new disk image in OSX with DiskUtility ====+===== Creating new disk image in OSX with DiskUtility =====
  
 You can make new disk images which Qemu will use as hard drive, on which you can install Mac OS/OSX. \\ You can make new disk images which Qemu will use as hard drive, on which you can install Mac OS/OSX. \\
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-==== Changing the mounted cdrom image ====+===== Changing the mounted cdrom/floppy image =====
  
 In Mac OS guest: First drag any mounted CD from the desktop into the trash. In Mac OS guest: First drag any mounted CD from the desktop into the trash.
  
-Open the Qemu Monitor by selecting View/Compat monitor from the Qemu menu \\ +Through the Machine menu:\\ 
-Type “info block” to find the name of the CD drive in Qemu (most likely: ide1-cd0) \\ + 
-Type “eject ide1-cd0” \\ +  * Select Machine/Change ide1-cd0 \\ 
-Type “change ide1-cd0 /path/to/name-of-cd-image.iso” (note the forward slashes!) \\ +  * Navigate to the CD image you want to mount \\ 
-Close the Qemu Monitor by selecting View/VGA \\+  * Select the CD image and click Open.\\ 
 + 
 +**Note:** you can also mount floppy images this way. 
 + 
 +Through the Qemu monitor:\\ 
 + 
 +  * Select View/Compat monitor from the Qemu menu \\ 
 +  Type “info block” to find the name of the CD drive in Qemu (most likely: ide1-cd0) \\ 
 +  Type “eject ide1-cd0” \\ 
 +  Type “change ide1-cd0 /path/to/name-of-cd-image.iso” (note the forward slashes!) \\ 
 +  Close the Qemu Monitor by selecting View/VGA \\
  
 Also see the qemu documentation here: https://www.linux-kvm.org/page/Change_cdrom \\ Also see the qemu documentation here: https://www.linux-kvm.org/page/Change_cdrom \\
  
-==== Mounting a real cd ====+===== Mounting a real cd =====
  
-NOTE: you need to unmount the real cd from the desktop (using e.g., disk utility) before using it in Qemu. \\+**NOTE 1**: you need to unmount the real cd from the desktop (using e.g., disk utility) before using it in Qemu. \\ 
 +**NOTE 2:** you have to run Qemu as root to access a real CD. (See above at booting from a real CD.)\\
  
-Open the Qemu Monitor by selecting View/Compat monitor from the Qemu menu \\ +  * Run Qemu as root \\ 
-Type “info block” to find the name of the CD drive in Qemu (most likely: ide1-cd0) \\ +  * Open the Qemu Monitor by selecting View/Compat monitor from the Qemu menu \\ 
-Type “change ide1-cd0 /dev/cdrom” (note the forward slashes!) \\ +  Type “info block” to find the name of the CD drive in Qemu (most likely: ide1-cd0) \\ 
-Close the Qemu Monitor by selecting View/VGA from the Qemu menu \\+  Type “change ide1-cd0 /dev/cdrom” (note the forward slashes!) \\ 
 +  Close the Qemu Monitor by selecting View/VGA from the Qemu menu \\
  
  
  
  
-==== Experimental builds ====+===== Experimental builds and features =====
  
 Qemu is being actively developed. This means that some new features can become available that are not yet incorporated into the official source code. Qemu is being actively developed. This means that some new features can become available that are not yet incorporated into the official source code.
 Currently there are several such developments, in various states of reliability: Currently there are several such developments, in various states of reliability:
  
--Sound support\\+-Sound support\\ 
 + 
 +You can download some of these experimental builds for our forum under **Experimental builds** : http://www.emaculation.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=34&t=9028 
 + 
 +-File sharing with the host \\ 
 +-Mouse tablet driver
  
-You can download some of these experimental builds from our forumhttp://www.emaculation.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=34&t=8848&p=52102#p52102+You can download drivers enabling these features herehttps://www.emaculation.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=11973
  
  
-==== Various utilities ====+===== Various utilities =====
  
 === Script to prepare a hard disk image for use with OSX Server 1.2v3 or Developer preview 2. ===  === Script to prepare a hard disk image for use with OSX Server 1.2v3 or Developer preview 2. === 
Line 279: Line 383:
  
  
-==== Currently known issues ====+===== Currently known issues =====
  
 +  * Tap networking does not work in Mojave/Big Sur
   * Restart doesn't work in Mac OS. Use Shut Down and restart Qemu.   * Restart doesn't work in Mac OS. Use Shut Down and restart Qemu.
 +  * Qemu will not boot Mac OS when memory is set to 64Mb or less.
 +  * Sound only works reasonably well in Mac OS 9 / Mac OSX 10.0 guests.
 +  * Sound will not work in Mac OS guests with memory set to 1024Mb or more, due to virtual memory being turned off automatically.
 + 
 +
 +===== Useful additional command line arguments =====
  
 +  * -k en-us sets the keyboard language (see below for possible languages)
  
 +The language codes available are:\\
 +ar  de-ch  es  fo     fr-ca  hu  ja  mk     no  pt-br  sv \\
 +da  en-gb  et  fr     fr-ch  is  lt  nl     pl  ru     th \\
 +de  en-us  fi  fr-be  hr     it  lv  nl-be  pt  sl     tr \\
  
 +  * -rtc base=localtime sets the guest time to the local machine time
 +  * -full-screen sets the guest to run full screen
 +  * -prom-env "auto-boot?=false" stops boot at the openbios prompt  
 +  * -prom-env "boot-args=-v" shows verbose boot messages with OSX guests 
 +  * -prom-env "vga-ndrv?=false" disables loading the default VGA driver